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数学名词中英文对照

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    数学mathematics,maths(bre),math(ame)

    公理axiom

    定理theorem

    计算calculation

    运算operation

    证明prove

    假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl。)

    命题proposition

    算术arithmetic

    加plus(prep。),add(v。),addition(n。)

    被加数augend,summand

    加数addend

    和sum

    减minus(prep。),subtract(v。),subtraction(n。)

    被减数minuend

    减数subtrahend

    差remainder

    乘times(prep。),multiply(v。),multiplication(n。)

    被乘数multiplicand,faciend

    乘数multiplicator

    积product

    除dividedby(prep。),divide(v。),division(n。)

    被除数dividend

    除数divisor

    商quotient

    等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto

    大于isgreaterthan

    小于islesserthan

    大于等于isequalorgreaterthan

    小于等于isequalorlesserthan

    运算符operator

    平均数mean

    算术平均数arithmaticmean

    几何平均数geometricmeann个数之积的n次方根

    倒数(reciprocal)x的倒数为1/x

    有理数rationalnumber

    无理数irrationalnumber

    实数realnumber

    虚数imaginarynumber

    数字digit

    数number

    自然数naturalnumber

    整数integer

    小数decimal

    小数点decimalpoint

    分数fraction

    分子numerator

    分母denominator

    比ratio

    正positive

    负negative

    零null,zero,nought,nil

    十进制decimalsystem

    二进制binarysystem

    十六进制hexadecimalsystem

    权weight,significance

    进位carry

    截尾truncation

    四舍五入肉nd

    下舍入肉nddown

    上舍入肉ndup

    有效数字significantdigit

    无效数字insignificantdigit

    代数algebra

    公式formula,formulae(pl。)

    单项式monomial

    多项式polynomial,multinomial

    系数coefficient

    未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor

    等式,方程式equation

    一次方程simpleequation

    二次方程quadraticequation

    三次方程cubicequation

    四次方程quarticequation

    不等式inequation

    阶乘factorial

    对数logarithm

    指数,幂exponent

    乘方power

    二次方,平方square

    三次方,立方cube

    四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpower

    n次方thepowerofn,thenthpower

    开方evolution,extraction

    二次方根,平方根squareroot

    三次方根,立方根cuberoot

    四次方根therootoffour,thefourthroot

    n次方根therootofn,thenthroot

    sqrt(2)=1。414

    sqrt(3)=1。732

    sqrt(5)=2。236

    常量constant

    变量variable

    坐标系coordinates

    坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis

    横坐标x-coordinate

    纵坐标y-coordinate

    原点origin

    象限quadrant

    截距(有正负之分)intercede

    (方程的)解solution

    几何geometry

    点point

    线line

    面plane

    体solid

    线段segment

    射线radial

    平行parallel

    相交intersect

    角angle

    角度degree

    弧度radian

    锐角acuteangle

    直角rightangle

    钝角obtuseangle

    平角straightangle

    周角perigon

    底base

    边side

    高height

    三角形triangle

    锐角三角形acutetriangle

    直角三角形righttriangle

    直角边leg

    斜边hypotenuse

    勾股定理pythagoreantheorem

    钝角三角形obtusetriangle

    不等边三角形scalenetriangle

    等腰三角形isoscelestriangle

    等边三角形equilateraltriangle

    四边形quadrilateral

    平行四边形parallelogram

    矩形rectangle

    长length

    宽width

    周长perimeter

    面积area

    相似similar

    全等congruent

    三角trigonometry

    正弦sine

    余弦cosine

    正切tangent

    余切cotangent

    正割secant

    余割cosecant

    反正弦arcsine

    反余弦arccosine

    反正切arctangent

    反余切arccotangent

    反正割arcsecant

    反余割arccosecant

    补充:

    集合aggregate

    元素element

    空集void

    子集subset

    交集intersection

    并集union

    补集complement

    映射mapping

    函数function

    定义域domain,fieldofdefinition

    值域range

    单调性monotonicity

    奇偶性parity

    周期性periodicity

    图象image

    数列,级数series

    微积分calculus

    微分differential

    导数derivative

    极限limit

    无穷大infinite(a。)infinity(n。)

    无穷小infinitesimal

    积分integral

    定积分definiteintegral

    不定积分indefiniteintegral

    复数complexnumber

    矩阵matrix

    行列式determinant

    圆circle

    圆心centre(bre),center(ame)

    半径radius

    直径diameter

    圆周率pi

    弧arc

    半圆semicircle

    扇形sector

    环ring

    椭圆ellipse

    圆周circumference

    轨迹locus,loca(pl。)

    平行六面体parallelepiped

    立方体cube

    七面体heptahedron

    八面体octahedron

    九面体enneahedron

    十面体decahedron

    十一面体hendecahedron

    十二面体dodecahedron

    二十面体icosahedron

    多面体polyhedron

    旋转rotation

    轴axis

    球sphere

    半球hemisphere

    底面undersurface

    表面积surfacearea

    体积volume

    空间space

    双曲线hyperbola

    抛物线parabola

    四面体tetrahedron

    五面体pentahedron

    六面体hexahedron菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl。),diamond

    正方形square

    梯形trapezoid

    直角梯形righttrapezoid

    等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid

    五边形pentagon

    六边形hexagon

    七边形heptagon

    八边形octagon

    九边形enneagon

    十边形decagon

    十一边形hendecagon

    十二边形dodecagon

    多边形polygon

    正多边形equilateralpolygon

    相位phase

    周期period

    振幅amplitude

    内心incentre(bre),incenter(ame)

    外心excentre(bre),excenter(ame)

    旁心escentre(bre),escenter(ame)

    垂心orthocentre(bre),orthocenter(ame)

    重心barycentre(bre),barycenter(ame)

    内切圆inscribedcircle

    外切圆circumcircle

    统计statistics

    平均数average

    加权平均数weightedaverage

    方差variance

    标准差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation

    比例propotion

    百分比percent

    百分点percentage

    百分位数percentile

    排列permutation

    组合combination

    概率,或然率probability

    分布distribution

    正态分布normaldistribution

    非正态分布abnormaldistribution

    图表graph

    条形统计图bargraph

    柱形统计图histogram

    折线统计图b肉g8rhflinegraph

    曲线统计图curvediagram

    扇形统计图piediagram